C Programming Language Video Tutorial in Hindi

The C Language is developed by Dennis Ritchie for creating system applications that directly interact with the hardware devices such as device  drivers, kernels,databases, compilers, games  etc.

C programming is considered as the base for other programming languages, that is why it is known as mother language.

C Programming  can be defined as:

1. Mother language

2. System programming language

3. Procedure-oriented programming language

4. Structured programming language

5. Mid-level programming language

How to Use Devc++ Ide to write and Execute Hello World Program

How to Use Turboc++ Ide to write and Execute Hello World Program

Program to Add Two Integers

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {   

    int number1, number2, sum;

    printf("Enter two integers: ");

    scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);

   // calculating sum

    sum = number1 + number2;     

    printf("%d + %d = %d", number1, number2, sum);

}

Output

Enter two integers: 12

11

12 + 11 = 23

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a = 9,b = 4, c;

    c = a+b;

    printf("a+b = %d n",c);

    c = a-b;

    printf("a-b = %d n",c);

    c = a*b;

    printf("a*b = %d n",c);

    c = a/b;

    printf("a/b = %d n",c);

    c = a%b;

    printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d n",c);

}

# include <stdio.h>

int main ()

{

int ivalue;

float fvalue;

char cvalue;

//input

printf("Input integer, float and character values: ");

scanf ("%d%f%*c%c", &ivalue, &fvalue, &cvalue);

//print

printf ("Integer value: %dn", ivalue) ;

printf ("Float value: %fn", fvalue) ;

printf ("Character value: %cn", cvalue) ;

return 0;

}

Output

Input integer, float and character values: 10 2.34 X

Integer value: 10

Float value: 2.340000

Character value: X

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

  int a,b,c, sum;

  float d;

  printf("Please enter 3 numbers");

  scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);

  sum=a+b+c;

  d=(a+b+c)/3;

  printf("nSum is %d", sum);

  printf("nAverage is  %f",d);

}

#include<stdio.h>

 int main()

 {

     int n;

     printf("Enter a number");

     scanf("%d",&n);   

     printf("nSquare of the number %d is %d",n,n*n);

     printf("nCube of the number %d is %d",n,n*n*n);

 }

#include<stdio.h>

 int main() {

    int rad;

   float PI = 3.14, area, ci;

    printf("nEnter radius of circle: ");

   scanf("%d", &rad);

    area = PI * rad * rad;

   printf("nArea of circle : %.2f ", area);

    ci = 2 * PI * rad;

   printf("nCircumference : %.2f ", ci);

 }

Output :

Enter radius of a circle : 1

Area of circle : 3.14

Circumference  : 6.28

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int p,r,t,int_amt;

printf("Input principle, Rate of interest & time to find simple interest: n");

scanf("%d%d%d",&p,&r,&t);

int_amt=(p*r*t)/100;

printf("Simple interest = %d",int_amt);

return 0;

}

Output:

Input Data: p = 10000, r = 10% , t = 12 year

Input principle, Rate of interest & time to find simple interest:

Simple interest = 12000

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    float celsius, fahrenheit;

    /* Input temperature in celsius */

    printf("Enter temperature in Celsius: ");

    scanf("%f", &celsius);

    /* celsius to fahrenheit conversion formula */

    fahrenheit = (celsius * 9 / 5) + 32;

    printf("%.2f Celsius = %.2f Fahrenheit", celsius, fahrenheit);

}

%.2f is used to print fractional numbers up to two decimal places. You can also use %f to print fractional normally up to six decimal places.

**

* file: algebra.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

  float a, b, x;

  printf("Enter value of a: ");

  scanf("%f", &a);

    printf("Enter value of b: ");

  scanf("%f", &b);

   x = (a * a) + (b * b) + (2 * a * b);

   printf("Result = %fn", x);

  printf("End of coden");

  }

Output

Enter value of a: 4

Enter value of b: 2

Result = 36.000000

When sizeof() is used with the data types, it returns the amount of memory allocated to that data type.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int a = 16;

   printf("Size of variable a : %dn",sizeof(a));

   printf("Size of int data type : %dn",sizeof(int));

   printf("Size of char data type : %dn",sizeof(char));

   printf("Size of float data type : %dn",sizeof(float));

   printf("Size of double data type : %dn",sizeof(double));

   return 0;

}

Output

Size of variable a : 4

Size of int data type : 4

Size of char data type : 1

Size of float data type : 4

Size of double data type : 8

If any variable is not initialized then that variables having garbage value(unassigned value).

For example:

int i;  Variable ‘i’ is integer type but it wont assign any value.so,it take garbage value.It maybe any value.

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform a certain mathematical or logical manipulation. Operators are used in programs to manipulate data and variables.

C operators can be classified into following types:

• Arithmetic operators

• Relational operators

• Logical operators

• Bitwise operators

• Assignment operators

• Conditional operators

• Special operators

OperatorDescriptionExample

+  Adds two operands. A + B = 30

− Subtracts second operand from the first  .A − B = -10

* Multiplies both operands.A * B = 200

/ Divides numerator by de-numerator .B / A = 2

% Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division.B % A = 0

++ Increment operator increases the integer value by one. A++ = 11

--  Decrement operator decreases the integer value by one. A-- = 9

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int x = 12, y = 1;

    printf("Initial value of x = %dn", x); // print the initial value of x

    printf("Initial value of y = %dnn", y); // print the initial value of y

    y = ++x; // increment the value of x by 1 then assign this new value to y

    printf("After incrementing by 1: x = %dn", x);

    printf("y = %dnn", y);

    y = --x; // decrement the value of x by 1 then assign this new value to y

    printf("After decrementing by 1: x = %dn", x);

    printf("y = %dnn", y);

}

Expected Output:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Initial value of x = 12

Initial value of y = 1

After incrementing by 1: x = 13

y = 13

After decrementing by 1: x = 12

y = 12

If else statement

Syntax of if else statement:
If condition returns true then the statements inside the body of “if” are executed and the statements inside body of “else” are skipped.
If condition returns false then the statements inside the body of “if” are skipped and the statements in “else” are executed.

if(condition) {

   // Statements inside body of if

}

else {

   //Statements inside body of else

}

// Check whether an integer is odd or even

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    int number;

    printf("Enter an integer: ");

    scanf("%d", &number);

    // True if the remainder is 0

    if  (number%2 == 0) {

        printf("%d is an even integer.",number);

    }

    else {

        printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);

    }

}

Output

Enter an integer: 7

7 is an odd integer.

/ Check whether an integer is odd or even

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    int number;

    printf("Enter an integer: ");

    scanf("%d", &number);

    // True if the remainder is 0

    if  (number%2 == 0) {

        printf("%d is an even integer.",number);

    }

    else {

        printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);

    }

}

Output

Enter an integer: 7

7 is an odd integer.

#include <stdio.h>

  int main()

{

    int num;

    printf("Enter a number: n");

    scanf("%d", &num);

    if (num > 0)

        printf("%d is a positive number n", num);

    else if (num < 0)

        printf("%d is a negative number n", num);

    else

        printf("0 is neither positive nor negative");

}

* C Program to Find Largest of Two numbers */

#include <stdio.h> 

int main() { 

    int a, b; 

    printf("Please Enter Two different valuesn"); 

    scanf("%d %d", &a, &b); 

     if(a > b)

    {

        printf("%d is Largestn", a);         

    }

    else if (b > a)

    {

        printf("%d is Largestn", b); 

    }

    else

    {

printf("Both are Equaln");

    }

}

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num;

printf("Enter your mark ");

scanf("%d",&num);

printf(" You entered %d", num); // printing outputs

if(num >= 80)

        {

printf(" You got A grade"); // printing outputs

}

else if ( num >=60)

                {

printf(" You got B grade");

}

else if ( num >=40)

           {

printf(" You got C grade");

}

else if ( num < 40){

printf(" You Failed in this exam");

}

}

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    double n1, n2, n3;

    printf("Enter three numbers: ");

    scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &n1, &n2, &n3);

    if (n1 >= n2) {

        if (n1 >= n3)

            printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n1);

        else

            printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n3);

    } else {

        if (n2 >= n3)

            printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n2);

        else

            printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n3);

    }

}

Enter three numbers: -4.5

3.9

5.6

5.60 is the largest number.

TC Switch Statement

The switch statement in C is an alternate to if-else-if ladder statement which allows us to execute multiple operations for the different possibles values of a single variable called switch variable. Here, We can define various statements in the multiple cases for the different values of a single variable.

The syntax of switch statement in c language is given below:

switch(expression){

case value1:

//code to be executed;

break; //optional

case value2:

//code to be executed;

break; //optional

default:

code to be executed if all cases are not matched;

}

// Program to create a simple calculator using switch case

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    char operator;

    double n1, n2;

    printf("Enter an operator +, -, *, / ");

    scanf("%c", &operator);

    printf("Enter two operands: ");

    scanf("%lf %lf",&n1, &n2);

    switch(operator)

    {

        case '+':

            printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1+n2);

            break;

        case '-':

            printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1-n2);

            break;

        case '*':

            printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1*n2);

            break;

        case '/':

            printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1/n2);

            break;

        // operator doesn't match any case constant +, -, *, /

        default:

            printf("Error! operator is not correct");

    }

}

Output

Enter an operator +, -, *, /

Enter two operands: 32      12

32.5 - 12.4 = 20.0

A goto statement in C programming provides an unconditional jump from the 'goto' to a labeled statement in the same function.

NOTE − Use of goto statement is highly discouraged in any programming language because it makes difficult to trace the control flow of a program, making the program hard to understand and hard to modify. Any program that uses a goto can be rewritten to avoid them.

Syntax

The syntax for a goto statement in C is as follows −

goto label;

..

.

label: statement;

Here label can be any plain text except C keyword and it can be set anywhere in the C program above or below to goto statement.

// Program to calculate the sum and average of positive numbers

// If the user enters a negative number, the sum and average are displayed.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

   const int maxInput = 10;

   int i;

   float number, average, sum = 0;

   for (i = 1; i <= maxInput; ++i)

   {

      printf("%d. Enter a number: ", i);

      scanf("%lf", &number);

        // go to jump if the user enters a negative value

      if (number < 0) {

         goto jump;

      }

      sum =sum+ number;

   }

jump:

   average = sum / (i - 1);

   printf("Sum = %.2fn", sum);

   printf("Average = %.2f", average);

}

for loop in C

The for loop is used in the case where we need to execute some part of the code until the given condition is satisfied. The for loop is also called as a per-tested loop. It is better to use for loop if the number of iteration is known in advance.

The syntax of for loop in c language is given below:

for(initialization;condition;incr/decr)

{

//code to be executed

}

// Print numbers from 1 to 10

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

  int i;

  for (i = 1; i < =10; i++)

  {

    printf("%d ", i);

  }

  return 0;

}

Output

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

How for loop works?

• The initialization statement is executed only once.

• Then, the test expression is evaluated. If the test expression is evaluated to false, the for loop is terminated.

• However, if the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside the body of for loop are executed, and the update expression is updated.

• Again the test expression is evaluated.

This process goes on until the test expression is false. When the test expression is false, the loop terminates.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    int n, i, sum = 0;

    printf("Enter a positive integer: ");

    scanf("%d", &n);

    for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

        sum =sum+ i;

    }

    printf("Sum = %d", sum);

    }

The above program takes input from the user and stores it in the variable n. Then, for loop is used to calculate the sum up to n.

#incllude<stdio.h>

int main()

{       

       int i,no1,no2;

printf("Input 2 no numbers : n");

scanf("%d",&no1,&no2);

for (i=no1;i<=no2;i++)

{

            printf("Number-%d :",i);

        }

}

#incllude<stdio.h>

int main()

{       

       int i,no1,no2;

printf("Input 2 no numbers : n");

scanf("%d",&no1,&no2);

for (i=no1;i<=no2;i++)

{

   if(i%2==0)

           printf("Number-%d is even no :",i);

        }

}

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int i,num,odd_sum=0,even_sum=0;

      for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

    {

        if (i%2 == 0)

            even_sum = even_sum + i;

        else

            odd_sum = odd_sum + i;

    }

    printf("Sum of all odd numbers  = %dn", odd_sum);

    printf("Sum of all even numbers = %dn", even_sum);

}

Different Ways of Using For Loop in C Programming

In order to do certain actions multiple times , we use loop control statements.
For loop can be implemented in different verities of using for loop –

1. Single Statement inside For Loop

2. Multiple Statements inside For Loop

3. No Statement inside For Loop

4. Semicolon at the end of For Loop

5. Multiple Initialization Statement inside For

6. Missing Initialization in For Loop

7. Missing Increment/Decrement Statement

8. Infinite For Loop

9. Condition with no Conditional Operator.